《园林》学刊·卷首语（2024.08）丨公共健康视角下的绿色基础设施
本期专题
公共健康视角下的绿色基础设施
GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE FROM A PUBLIC HEALTH PERSPECTIVE
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·全文刊登于《园林》2024-08P01
·全文引文格式：张浪. 公共健康视角下的绿色基础设施[J]. 园林, 2024, 41(8): 01.
卷首语
公共健康视角下的绿色基础设施
Green Infrastructure from a Public Health Perspective
2016年10月25日，中共中央、国务院印发了《“健康中国2030”规划纲要》，作为今后15年推进健康中国建设的行动纲领。在此背景下，以促进公共健康为目的的人居环境建设逐渐成为一项重要而迫切的任务，其中，绿色基础设施作为一个跨尺度、多层次、相互连接的绿色网络结构，包含国家自然生命支持系统、基础设施化的城乡绿色空间和绿色化的市政工程基础设施三个层次，因其耦合了生态系统服务与人类福祉的双重属性，所以其既是人居环境的重要组成部分，更是公共健康干预的重要空间途径。
近年来，绿色基础设施研究前沿逐渐由结构转向功能，多聚焦绿色基础设施所提供的人类福祉，如消减空气污染、缓解热岛效应、调节心理健康、优化雨洪管理等。但现有研究注重协调生态保护和经济发展之间的矛盾，虽已呈现出多功能导向的研究趋势，但对公共健康的关注仍较少，尚不明晰绿色基础设施促进公共健康的影响机制和综合评估体系，尚缺乏对健康导向下绿色基础设施规划方案和设计的有效提炼。
本期专题“公共健康视角下的绿色基础设施”，聚焦理论概念辨析、关键机制探索和实践应用评估三方面。专题学术主持人魏家星教授共组织了7篇论文。在理论概念辨析方面，系统梳理了绿色基础设施与呼吸健康的关联性，提出绿色基础设施影响健康路径的耦合性；归纳了国内森林康养建设现状及发展趋势，基于市场需求和业态发展，总结今后中国森林康养发展对策；全面构建了健康导向下社区建成环境综合评价体系和景观适宜性评价指标体系。在关键机制探索方面，深入剖析与可达性相关的空间与非空间指标对老年群体社区公园使用的影响，揭示了老年群体对公园使用的特殊性及其关键影响机制；系统探讨了集中型绿色基础设施与降低热浪暴露风险之间的关联性，总结了可有效缓解热岛效应的景观单元和植物配置模式。在实践应用评估方面，综合评价南京市乡村休闲运动基地建设现状，并提出基于多元、乡土、健康、安全4方面的提升策略；基于层次熵分析法，综合评价江西省的森林公园康养旅游适宜度，并基于森林质量、环境质量、基础设施建设和资源价值等方面提出了发展建议。
如何通过绿色基础设施建设高效促进居民健康福祉，是当前风景园林学、环境流行病学、景观生态学等多学科交叉领域的研究热点，亦是立足风景园林学提升人居环境建设质量所面临的瓶颈和难点。本期专题研讨呈现了促进绿色基础设施健康效益的实践调控方案和设计前期研究成果，对于推进后疫情时代健康城市的空间治理实践具有重要现实意义。未来期待有更多学科、更多学者与工程实践者，就此领域开展更深入的理论研究和案例实践，以进一步丰富健康促进视角下绿色基础设施方法学和实践案例。
On October 25, 2016, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued the “Healthy China 2030” Plan Outline, which serves as the action plan for promoting the construction of a healthy China in the next 15 years. In this context, the construction of a living environment aimed at promoting public health has gradually become an important and urgent task. Among them, green infrastructure, as a cross scale, multi-level, and interconnected green network structure, includes three levels: the national natural life support system, infrastructure oriented urban and rural green spaces, and green municipal engineering infrastructure. Due to its coupling of the dual attributes of ecosystem services and human well-being, it is not only an important component of the living environment, but also an important spatial approach for public health intervention.
In recent years, the frontiers of green infrastructure research have gradually shifted from structure to function, focusing mostly on the human well-being provided by green infrastructure, such as reducing air pollution, mitigating the heat island effect, regulating mental health and optimizing rainwater management. However, the existing research focuses on coordinating the contradiction between ecological protection and economic development, and although it has shown the trend of multifunctional-oriented research, it still pays less attention to public health, and does not yet clarify the impact mechanism and comprehensive assessment system of green infrastructure for public health, and lacks the effective refinement of green infrastructure planning and design under the health-oriented approach.
The topic of this issue “Green Infrastructure from a Public Health Perspective”, focuses on three aspects: theoretical concept analysis, key mechanism exploration, and practical application evaluation. Professor Wei Jiaxing , the academic host of this issue, organized a total of 7 papers. In terms of theoretical concept analysis, the correlation between green infrastructure and respiratory health was systematically sorted out, and the coupling of the impact of green infrastructure on health pathways was proposed; The current situation and development trends of forest health and wellness construction in China were summarized, and based on market demand and business development, the future development strategies for forest health and wellness in China were proposed; A comprehensive evaluation system for community built environment and a landscape suitability evaluation index system under the guidance of health was comprehensively constructed. In terms of exploring key mechanisms, an in-depth analysis was conducted on the impact of spatial and non spatial indicators related to accessibility on the use of community parks by the elderly population, revealing the specificity of park use by the elderly population and its key influencing mechanisms; The system explored the correlation between centralized green infrastructure and reducing the risk of heat wave exposure, and summarized landscape units and plant configuration models that can effectively alleviate the heat island effect. In terms of practical application evaluation, a comprehensive evaluation was conducted on the current situation of the construction of rural leisure sports bases in Nanjing, and improvement strategies were proposed based on four aspects: diversity, locality, health, and safety; Based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), the suitability of forest park health tourism in Jiangxi Province was comprehensively evaluated, and development suggestions were proposed based on aspects such as forest quality, environmental quality, infrastructure construction, and resource value.
How to efficiently promote the health and well-being of residents through the construction of green infrastructure is the current research hotspot in the interdisciplinary field of landscape architecture, environmental epidemiology, landscape ecology, etc. It is also a bottleneck and difficulty in improving the quality of living environment construction based on landscape architecture. This issue presents the practice regulation program and design of green infrastructure health benefits, which is of great practical significance for promoting the spatial governance practice of healthy cities in the post epidemic era. In the future, we expect more disciplines, scholars and engineering practitioners to carry out more in-depth theoretical research and case practice in this area, so as to further enrich the methodology and practice cases of green infrastructure from the perspective of health promotion.
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